Biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol are considered alternative sources of energy obtained from biomass to replace or complement the conventional source of energy (fossil fuel), which is depleting due to overdependency. Aside from the depletion, it also causes serious environmental havoc due to the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide (s) to the atmosphere. Thus, this chapter focuses on the production of some common replacements of fossil fuel (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol), which are sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economically viable with high energy content comparable to conventional fuels. It takes into consideration materials for production, the method of production, economic viability, and life cycle analysis. Novel approaches adopted for yield optimization during production and the mitigation of some drawbacks encountered during the production process are also considered.