This study examined taxation on social and economic development of Indigenous Companies in Nigeria (2010-2019). The study adopted ex-post facto research design and made use of secondary data obtained from the federal Board of Inland Revenue for the relevant years. The hypotheses were tested using unit root test and regression analysis statistical tool. Findings revealed that Petroleum profit tax has positive significant impact on the human development index of Nigeria; Company income tax has positive significant impact on the human development index of Nigeria and Value added Tax has positive significant impact on the human development index of Nigeria. The study recommended that given the dwindling fortunes of revenue from petroleum related sources, the government should embark on the strategic pursuit of broadening the economy through tax revenue to enhance social and economic  development of indigenous companies as well as becoming meticulous in the fight against corruption in Nigeria as it is one of the factors that has led to diversion of public fund especially from petroleum profit tax and other source of income generation to the government