Despite the recognized importance of education as a tool for national development, evidence suggests that students’ learning outcomes in public secondary schools across Oyo State remain below expected standards, particularly in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between resource management and students learning outcomes in public secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive research of the survey type was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised both principals and teachers in all public senior secondary schools in Ibadan township of Oyo State, Nigeria. The sample of this study was 200 respondents (teachers). They were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. From the 11 Local Government Areas in Ibadan, simple random sampling technique was sued to select two LGAs which were Ona-Ara and Egbeda LGAs. 10 public secondary schools were randomly selected in each of the LGAs to give a total 20 schools. A questionnaire instrument entitled: “Resource Management and Students Learning Outcomes Questionnaire (RMSLOQ)” with a reliability coefficient 0.87 was used for data collection. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and mean while the hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that the extent of human resource management in public secondary schools was moderate; there was a significant relationship between human resources management and student learning outcomes and there was a significant relationship between physical resources management and student learning outcomes. It was, therefore, recommended that Education authorities should establish structured, ongoing professional development programmes for principals and teachers on effective resource management.