The article examines the nexus between regional cooperation and resource governance in the Gulf of Guinea. The paper thus argues that the quest to secure the Gulf of Guinea for uninterrupted oil and gas exploration informed the establishment of Maritime Organization of West Africa (MOWCA). This was followed by several initiatives by the body; the paper noted that member states cooperation is vital in addressing insecurity that has undermined oil and gas production in the region. The study adopted the integration theory as framework of analysis. Documentary method and content analysis were used for data collection and analysis. The study found that illegal exploration of oil and gas in the region coupled with piracy and armed robbery are major challenges that should be solved, since these problems were systematically created by non-state actors that have interest in the region. To this end, the study recommended that the Gulf of Guinea states under regional organization such as MOWCA should encourage and adopt massive security initiatives to suppress piracy and armed robbery, so as to harness full economic and political potentials of the region among others