The relationship between good governance and national development remains a critical subject in contemporary policy discourse, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. Good governance—characterized by transparency, accountability, efficiency, and adherence to the rule of law—plays a pivotal role in shaping socioeconomic progress and sustainable development. Globally, several countries demonstrate how effective governance frameworks can stimulate economic growth and social welfare. For instance, regions such as California in the United States have experienced sustained economic expansion due to strong institutional capacity and policy implementation, while countries like Sweden exemplify governance systems that support inclusive welfare and equality. Similarly, governance-driven reforms in Singapore and South Korea have accelerated industrialization, technological advancement, and economic transformation. In Africa, Rwanda has demonstrated notable progress through anti-corruption measures and pro-investment policies, whereas governance challenges persist in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Despite being one of Africa’s largest economies, Nigeria continues to face governance deficits manifested in corruption, weak institutions, and ineffective policy implementation. These challenges have significantly hindered national development, resulting in persistent poverty and limited socioeconomic progress. This study therefore examines the nexus between good governance and national development in Nigeria, highlighting key governance challenges while exploring prospects for institutional reforms and sustainable development.