In post-conflict Iraq, sports have re-emerged as a vital platform for social resilience, national identity, and youth engagement. Iraqi athletes have demonstrated potential across various disciplines, including football and weightlifting, yet inconsistent performance and elevated injury rates suggest a gap in scientifically structured training programs. The integration of sports science—encompassing exercise physiology, biomechanics, nutrition, psychology, and recovery strategies—can optimize physical conditioning, enhance performance, and promote long-term athletic development. While countries with advanced athletic systems deploy interdisciplinary support teams to maximize athlete outcomes, Iraq is still in the early stages of implementing such evidence-based structures. Existing physical education programs in major universities provide foundational knowledge; however, the practical application of sports science in training and competition remains limited. This review examines the current state of sports science in Iraq, highlighting opportunities to strengthen athlete preparation, reduce injuries, and elevate performance standards. By bridging academic knowledge with practical implementation, Iraq can cultivate a more resilient and competitive athletic landscape while fostering the broader social benefits of organized sports.