Water is an essential and renewable natural resource, vital for human survival, agricultural activities, and industrial development. Despite covering approximately 75% of the Earth’s surface, freshwater constitutes less than 2.7% of global water resources, emphasizing the need for careful management. Surface water, including rivers, lakes, and streams, serves as a primary source of potable water for many communities. Maintaining high water quality is critical, as contamination can pose significant risks to human health and disrupt local ecosystems. This study focuses on assessing the quality of River Benue in Makurdi Town to determine its suitability for human consumption, providing insights into sustainable water resource management and public health protection.