Soil is a fundamental natural resource and a cornerstone of agricultural production, providing the basis for food, fodder, fuel, and feed. Globally, soil resources are finite, susceptible to degradation, and nonrenewable within a human timeframe, making their sustainable management critical. In Nigeria, successive governments have implemented strategies, including the provision of fertilizers and other farm inputs, to enhance soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Fertilizer application must be tailored to the specific requirements of tropical soils, considering crop type, soil characteristics, climate, and socioeconomic factors. Proper soil and nutrient management is essential to sustain agricultural output, meet the growing food demand, and ensure long-term environmental sustainability. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing soil physico-chemical properties to guide appropriate fertilizer recommendations for improved crop production.