Mentorship is a cornerstone of nursing and midwifery education, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. This study explores the determinants of mentor–mentee relationships among nurse-midwives at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State. It examines the levels of knowledge about mentorship, identifies factors that facilitate effective mentor–mentee interactions, and highlights barriers hindering successful mentoring. Findings from prior research indicate that structured mentorship enhances clinical competence, professional growth, and career satisfaction, yet challenges such as poor communication, mismatched expectations, and limited mentor availability persist. Understanding these dynamics is critical in fostering supportive learning environments, developing competent midwives, and addressing the global shortage of qualified healthcare professionals. The study underscores the importance of promoting structured, mutually respectful mentoring relationships to strengthen nursing education and clinical practice in Nigerian healthcare settings.