Electrical Engineering education plays a critical role in technological and industrial development, particularly in developing economies such as Nigeria. Despite the expansion of Electrical Engineering programmes across Nigerian universities and polytechnics, concerns persist regarding graduates’ inadequate practical competence and limited industry readiness. This paper reviews existing literature on the theory–practice gap in Electrical Engineering education in Nigeria, examining its nature, causes, and implications. Using a qualitative content review approach, relevant empirical studies, policy documents, and curriculum frameworks were analyzed. Findings reveal an overemphasis on theoretical instruction, inadequate laboratory facilities, weak university–industry collaboration, and limited exposure to real-world engineering problems. The paper argues that effective integration of theory and practice is essential for improving graduate employability, fostering innovation, and supporting national development. Strategies such as curriculum redesign, project-based learning, enhanced industrial training, and stronger partnerships with industry are recommended. The study concludes that sustainable Electrical Engineering education reform in Nigeria must prioritize experiential learning and contextualized engineering practice.