The Study determined the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of human capital efficiency (HCE) on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria, evaluate the effect of structural capital efficiency (SCE) on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria and ascertain the effect of capital employed efficiency (CEE) on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The independent variable intellectual capital proxied by human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE) while dependent variable financial performance proxied by return on assets (ROA). The ex-post facto research design which made use of secondary data drawn from the annual report and accounts of four (4) firms in listed consumer goods companies in Nigerian economy covering a period of ten (10) years from 2010 to 2019 both years inclusive. The theory in which this study pinned on was resource-based theory and knowledge-based theory. The E-views version 9.0 software statistical package was used to run the Panel ordinary least square (OLS) for the study. The multiple regression model was applied in determining the extent of the effect of independent variable (intellectual capital) on dependent variable (financial performance) of companies under consideration. The result of the regression analysis revealed that human capital efficiency (HCE) has positive and significant effect on return on assets (ROA) while structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE) have negative and insignificant effect on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that the human capital efficiency has been shown to be the key driver of value creation especially in return on assets, efforts should be made to grow intellectual capital of firms by first recruiting very competent staff, train and motivate them. Also, firms should invest in education and relevant programmes that can help increase in their structural capital by harnessing information technology.