The maritime industry is a critical component of Tanzania’s economy, facilitating trade, transportation, and economic development. Effective regulation of maritime activities is essential to ensure safety, security, and sustainable operations within territorial waters. In Tanzania, the Merchant Shipping Act, 2003, and the Maritime Transport Act, 2006, serve as the primary legal instruments governing maritime activities. These laws were enacted to update the regulatory framework, align national practices with international maritime conventions, and enhance safety and efficiency in shipping and transport. The Merchant Shipping Act of 2003 applies to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, while the Maritime Transport Act of 2006 governs activities specifically in Zanzibar. The coexistence of these dual legislative frameworks has posed challenges in harmonizing maritime governance, limiting Tanzania’s ability to fully comply with its obligations as a member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This study examines the scope, objectives, and practical implications of both Acts, highlighting gaps, overlaps, and areas where legal and administrative coordination is needed. By analyzing the effectiveness of Tanzania’s maritime legal regime, the paper underscores the importance of a cohesive and integrated legal framework to promote safe, secure, and sustainable maritime operations. Recommendations focus on legislative alignment, enforcement mechanisms, and capacity building to strengthen compliance with international standards and support the continued growth of Tanzania’s maritime sector.