The rehabilitation of drug offenders remains a critical yet complex issue within Nigeria’s criminal justice system, shaped by the growing prevalence of substance abuse, socio-economic inequalities, and inadequate institutional capacity. This study examines the effectiveness of existing rehabilitation methods for drug-related offenders, with a focus on their ability to address the underlying causes of criminal behaviour and support successful reintegration into society. Drawing on available data and policy reports, the paper highlights the scale of substance abuse in Nigeria, where over 14.3 million individuals are estimated to use drugs, and a significant proportion of youths aged 18–35 are affected. These trends have intensified drug-related crimes, including trafficking and violence, thereby increasing pressure on the justice system. The paper explores the current rehabilitation framework, including custodial and non-custodial approaches such as correctional programmes, therapeutic interventions, and community-based reintegration initiatives. It identifies key challenges such as overcrowded correctional facilities, limited access to treatment and counselling services, insufficient funding, and weak policy implementation. Additionally, the study underscores the lack of a holistic and evidence-based approach that integrates medical, psychological, and socio-economic support systems for offenders. Findings suggest that while some rehabilitation initiatives exist, their overall effectiveness is constrained by systemic inefficiencies and a punitive justice orientation that often prioritizes incarceration over recovery and reintegration. The paper argues for a paradigm shift toward a more rehabilitative and restorative justice model that emphasizes prevention, treatment, and social inclusion. Strengthening inter-agency collaboration, investing in rehabilitation infrastructure, and adopting evidence-based practices are recommended as critical steps toward improving outcomes. Ultimately, the study contributes to ongoing discourse on criminal justice reform in Nigeria by providing insights into how rehabilitation strategies can be enhanced to reduce recidivism, promote public safety, and support the long-term recovery of drug offenders.