The rapid pace of urbanization has intensified the complexity and scale of city infrastructure, placing urban road drainage engineering at the forefront of sustainable municipal development. Urban drainage systems, encompassing stormwater and sewage management, are critical for maintaining hygienic environments, preventing flooding, ensuring road usability, and supporting resilient urban infrastructure. With increasing urban populations and evolving climate challenges, the demands on drainage systems have expanded, necessitating technological innovations and adaptive design strategies. This study examines the challenges and deficiencies inherent in urban drainage engineering from a construction perspective, highlighting gaps in design, implementation, and maintenance that undermine system efficiency and sustainability. Key issues include inadequate capacity planning, suboptimal material selection, insufficient integration with urban planning, and limited consideration of ecological impacts. By evaluating these challenges, the research emphasizes the importance of aligning construction practices with sustainable engineering principles to improve performance, reduce environmental risks, and enhance public safety. The findings underscore that addressing construction-related deficiencies in urban drainage requires a multifaceted approach, integrating advanced engineering techniques, rigorous planning, and ecological awareness. Strategies such as improved hydraulic design, use of durable and sustainable materials, incorporation of green infrastructure, and regular maintenance protocols can significantly enhance system reliability. Moreover, the study highlights the role of policy frameworks and professional standards in guiding effective urban drainage construction and ensuring long-term resilience. In conclusion, urban road drainage engineering is not merely a technical requirement but a strategic component of sustainable city development. By identifying and addressing the construction-related challenges and deficiencies, urban planners, engineers, and policymakers can foster drainage systems that are robust, environmentally responsible, and capable of supporting the complex demands of rapidly growing urban areas.