The accelerated pace of urbanization in the 21st century has significantly transformed patterns of human settlement, infrastructure development, and environmental interactions. In China, the rapid expansion of cities and the increasing demand for residential housing have intensified the scale of urban construction. While this growth has improved living standards and economic opportunities, it has also generated substantial environmental challenges, including resource depletion, air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and increased pressure on urban ecosystems. Many conventional residential developments have been criticized for prioritizing rapid construction and economic efficiency over ecological sustainability, thereby contributing to environmental degradation and reduced urban livability. These concerns have prompted growing attention toward ecological frameworks in contemporary urban housing planning. This study examines the role of ecological principles in shaping modern urban residential design, with particular emphasis on sustainable planning strategies that balance housing needs with environmental protection. The research explores how ecological concepts—such as energy efficiency, green infrastructure, resource conservation, and environmentally responsive architecture—are being incorporated into residential development to create more sustainable and livable urban environments. By analyzing current planning approaches and emerging design trends, the study highlights the shift from traditional housing models toward integrated ecological planning systems that prioritize environmental harmony and human well-being. The findings suggest that incorporating ecological frameworks into residential planning can significantly enhance environmental performance while improving the social and spatial quality of urban housing. Strategies such as the integration of green spaces, the use of sustainable building materials, water and energy conservation systems, and climate-responsive architectural design contribute to reducing environmental impacts and fostering healthier living conditions. Moreover, ecological residential planning supports long-term urban resilience by promoting efficient land use, reducing carbon emissions, and strengthening the relationship between built environments and natural ecosystems. Overall, the study underscores the importance of ecological planning frameworks as a critical component of contemporary urban housing development. As urban populations continue to grow, adopting sustainable and environmentally responsible design approaches will be essential for creating resilient cities that meet both present and future housing demands while safeguarding ecological balance.