With the rapid acceleration of urbanization, the generation of construction waste has surged, becoming a significant challenge in urban environmental management and sustainable resource utilization. This paper investigates the current practices and advances in the treatment and recycling of construction waste, with the goal of proposing effective technologies for its transformation into valuable resources. A comprehensive technical framework is presented, encompassing classified collection, crushing, screening, and subsequent resource utilization processes. The study places particular emphasis on the recycling technologies applicable to concrete, brick, and tile waste—materials that constitute a substantial portion of construction debris. Through a combination of field analysis and technical evaluation, the effectiveness of these recycling methods is assessed in terms of environmental impact reduction and their practical applications in engineering projects. Findings indicate that scientifically designed treatment processes can significantly minimize the environmental footprint of construction waste.