This study presents an integrated approach to the design and stability analysis of supporting structures in deep coal mine roadways. Considering the geological characteristics, cross-sectional geometry, and service life requirements of the Dingii Coal Mine roadway, a composite support system combining anchor bolts, wire mesh, cables, and steel scaffolding was developed. The design process outlines the selection of support materials, their spatial arrangement, and construction techniques tailored to complex underground conditions. To assess the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed support system, both numerical simulation and on-site field monitoring were employed. The simulation results reveal that the composite structure effectively mitigates deformation in the surrounding rock, ensuring enhanced roadway stability. Field monitoring data further confirm the simulation outcomes, demonstrating limited displacement and stress within acceptable safety thresholds, thereby validating the support design’s practicality and robustness.