Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a critical lifesaving intervention for neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) who cannot receive sufficient nutrition enterally. It is estimated that up to 80% of NICU neonates require PN during hospitalization, particularly very preterm (born <32 weeks) and extremely preterm neonates (born <30 weeks). PN delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, and serves as a bridge until full enteral feeding can be tolerated. Despite its benefits, PN administration is complex and carries significant risks, including bloodstream infections, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic disorders. Effective and safe administration requires specialized knowledge, training, and careful monitoring by healthcare professionals to support the growth and development of premature neonates. This study highlights the importance of competence in PN administration, emphasizing best practices, potential complications, and strategies for safe implementation in NICU settings.