The study was carried out to investigate the influence of strategic choices and competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of resource allocation and strategic alliance on specialization strategy of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 6451 employees of foreign manufacturing firms in Nigeria. With a sample 377 which was determined using Taro Yamane formula for sample size determination. Data were collected using questionnaire and personal Interview and were analysed using simple linear regression analysis. Findings indicated that resource allocation and strategic alliance have significant influence on specialization strategy of foreign manufacturing firms in Nigeria. It was concluded that resource allocation and strategic alliance have managerial and significant influence on specialization strategy of foreign manufacturing firms in Nigeria.