Canada has emerged as a leading nation in both Olympic and Paralympic sports, achieving success in disciplines such as ice hockey, track cycling, speed skating, and para-swimming. Central to this achievement is a well-established sports science infrastructure that supports athlete performance and wellbeing. This study examines how sports science is systematically integrated into Canada’s high-performance sport system through national sport organizations (NSOs), Canadian Sport Institutes (CSIs), and partnerships with universities. Sports science in Canada encompasses multiple disciplines—including exercise physiology, biomechanics, sports medicine, mental performance, and nutrition—which collectively enhance training efficiency, recovery, and competitive outcomes. The implementation of evidence-based practices ensures that athletes not only maximize performance but also reduce injury risk and maintain overall health. A key driver of this integration is the “Own the Podium” (OTP) strategy, launched in 2004, which has facilitated the translation of scientific research into practical applications across elite sport programs. By highlighting the structure, scope, and impact of sports science initiatives within Canada’s high-performance sport ecosystem, this study underscores the role of multidisciplinary support in achieving sustained athletic excellence. Understanding these mechanisms offers valuable insights for other nations seeking to optimize athlete performance while safeguarding health and wellbeing.