Theoretical Study, Antioxidant Activity And Anti-Cancer Studies Of Galangal (Alpinia Galangal)
E M El-Hadidy
Food Technol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center-Egypt
N G Rashad
Department of Home Economics, Specific education Faculty, El-Fayoum University, Egypt.
M Y Ali
Chemistry Department, Bani-Suef University, Egypt.
Keywords: antioxidants and DFT, Galangal (Alpinia galangal), liver, Blood Carcinoma
Abstract
The implication of oxidative stress in the promotion of carcinogenesis suggests that antioxidant therapy represents a promising opportunity for cancer prevention. Additionally, a therapeutic strategy to increase the antioxidant capacity of cells may be used to fortify the long term effective treatment [1]. Herbs and spices are recommended for prevention and care of various diseases including cancer. Alpinia galanga a member of the ginger family, previous studies have demonstrated an anticancer effect of the Alpinia galanga. Polyphenols and flavonoids components were determined. Results indicated Alpinia galanga contained high content of total phenol (34.21 ± 17.45 mg/g) and flavonoids (28.79 ± 12.23 mg/g). Measurement of potential cytotoxicity activity of ethanol extract of Alpinia galanga against the liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG-2H), breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and blood carcinoma cell line (HCT) were tested by SRB assay. Data was recorded (IC50) on liver (HEPG-2H) cells, when the concentration was 117 µg/ml. While the effective concentration on breast (MCF-7) cells was 64 µg/ml on the same trend, in blood (HCT) cells effective concentration was to 85 µg/ml. Conclusively, the effective concentration ranged from 64 to 117 µg/ml. These effects may be due to the concentration of phenol and flavonoids contents in galangal. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) under the level of B3LYP/6-311G** have been utilized to explore the structure, molecular properties and antioxidant abilities of the main active compounds in Alpinia galangal (quercetin, Trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, Trans-p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchrom an-4-one and Galangi). The calculated EHOMO and ELUMO energies of the studied compounds can be used to calculate the global properties; chemical hardness (η), softness (S) and electronegativity (χ). In this work, we try to explain theoretically which of the studied components in Alpinia galangal is more effective as antioxidant. No theoretical studies in the literature explained this point